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First Halsey's staff-which was serving as Spruance's staff, since they had carrier experience and he didn't-ordered the pilots to the ready. On the morning of June 4, 1942, all hell broke loose. Chuichi Nagumo, the victor at Pearl Harbor and the world leader in naval-aviation warfare. Navy was operating on the flimsiest of evidence that the Japanese were proceeding toward Midway and, if it turned out to be true, they'd be coming with a fleet more than double the size of the Americans', commanded by Vice Adm. As Herman Wouk wrote in War and Remembrance, Spruance's orders could be interpreted as "rock 'em, sock 'em, but don't lose your shirt."Įasier said than done. Frank Jack Fletcher, lie in wait for the Japanese and then pounce. His assignment: Rendezvous at "Point Luck," a dot on the Pacific Ocean map, with Task Force Seventeen under Rear Adm. He was in the Navy, he had his orders, and he had a job to do. Spruance himself was surprised by the assignment, but he calmly accepted it. Chester Nimitz, in command of the Pacific fleet, had agreed. Raymond Spruance was junior to many admirals, and he wasn't a flier, which made him a strange choice to command the task force, which included the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. A brief look at selected principles of war is also included in an effort to correlate abstract thought strategy and the conduct of war with actual warfighting experiences.But 68 years ago, as his Task Force Sixteen left Pearl Harbor in late May 1942, he was an unknown quantity to most of the men under his command. forces pressed toward Japan through the Philippines.įinally, an analysis of the strategy used by these two great warriors will be made within the context of the ACSC strategy process model in an effort to increase the understanding of the process of strategy and its derivation. Also, it was fought from an American offensive position, as U.S. The battle was fought against a Japanese on force with relatively few remaining carrier air resources. Leyte Gulf was a complex group of four battles involving carrier air as well as land based air power, surface engagements and invasion forces. Halsey as utilized during the Battle for Leyte Gulf will be reviewed with a continuing focus on carrier air power. Next, the military strategy of Admiral William F. The battle was fought against a numerically superior force during the period that the Japanese Navy was strongly on the offensive. Midway was the first major decisive naval battle where the outcome was decided on the basis of aircraft carrier operations alone. Spruance will be examined with respect to the Battle of Midway. The military strategy of Admiral Raymond A. The Battle of Coral Sea provided a basis for carrier tactics employed in later engagements such as the Battle of Midway. Carrier air power was virtually untested at the beginning of the second world war and eventually developed into a most formidable battle tool. This paper will examine two Pacific Theater leaders involved in the early employment of a relatively new naval weapon system, the aircraft carrier. Navy leaders will provide an insight into the evolution of the strategy process. The military strategy utilized by two great World War Two U.S.
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